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HKDSE 經濟卷二模擬試卷（2027）
免費 HKDSE 經濟卷二（2027 年考試）模擬試卷，包括結構式題目同論述題，附參考答案。可網上瀏覽，或下載 PDF 試卷。
16 題120 分2 小時 30 分鐘
下載試卷 (PDF)呢份係 Studify 用 AI 原創嘅練習卷，屬獨立樣本，並非考評局官方試卷。
試卷結構
- 甲部11 題 · 44 分
- 乙部4 題 · 60 分
- 丙部1 題 · 16 分
呢份試卷涵蓋嘅課題
- Basic economic concepts
- Firms and production
- Market and price
- Competition and market structure
- Efficiency, equity and the role of government
- Measurement of economic performance
- National income determination and price level
- Money and banking
- Macroeconomic problems and policies
- International trade and finance
- Elective 1: Monopoly pricing, anti-competitive behaviours and competition policy
- Elective 2: Extension of trade theory, economic growth and development
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參考答案
揀一條題目就會顯示答案同評分指引。建議先自己試做。
第 1 題4 分
正確答案： A
A1: A is correct. Scarcity arises because resources are limited relative to wants; the consumer must make a choice under a limited income constraint. B concerns profit, C concerns public revenue, and D describes the law of supply. These do not by themselves identify scarcity.第 2 題4 分
正確答案： B
A2: B is correct. With machinery fixed, adding more labour eventually causes diminishing marginal product as workers have less fixed capital to work with. Diminishing marginal product does not require total product to fall; total product can still rise at a diminishing rate, so C is wrong. A is not implied, and marginal product does not establish that average cost has fallen, so D is wrong.第 3 題4 分
正確答案： B
A3: B is correct. A higher coffee price makes tea relatively more attractive, increasing demand for tea at every tea price, so the tea demand curve shifts right. A describes a movement caused by tea's own price, while C and D concern supply and are not implied by a change in the price of a substitute.第 4 題4 分
正確答案： B
A4: B is correct. Price elasticity of demand equals percentage change in quantity demanded divided by percentage change in price. Thus the quantity change is . A uses the reciprocal, while C and D give the wrong direction or magnitude.第 5 題4 分
正確答案： B
A5: B is correct. A firm should shut down in the short run if price is below minimum average variable cost, since producing would not cover variable costs and would increase its loss. Price-taking firms cannot set a higher price, so C is unavailable. Economic loss alone does not imply immediate exit in the short run, so D is wrong; price equal to marginal cost is not sufficient to justify production.第 6 題4 分
正確答案： B
A6: B is correct. Uncompensated external damage means social marginal cost exceeds private marginal cost. The firm and market therefore ignore part of the cost, and the unregulated market output is greater than the socially efficient output. A reverses the cost relationship; C misclassifies a harmful externality; a subsidy normally encourages, rather than reduces, output, so D is wrong.第 7 題4 分
正確答案： B
A7: B is correct. Approximately, nominal GDP growth equals real GDP growth plus inflation measured by the GDP deflator. Real growth is therefore . A gives inflation alone, C fails to adjust for the price level, and D adds rather than subtracts inflation.第 8 題4 分
正確答案： D
A8: D is correct. The simple multiplier is . The change in equilibrium income is 50 million. A ignores induced consumption; B and C use incorrect multiplier values.第 9 題4 分
正確答案： B
A9: B is correct. A lower required reserve ratio permits banks to support a larger multiple of deposits with a given amount of reserves, increasing potential deposit creation. A reduces this capacity. Greater cash preference and reduced willingness to lend, as in C and D, tend to interrupt or limit the deposit-creation process.第 10 題4 分
正確答案： A
A10: A is correct. Higher government purchases directly raise aggregate demand, while a lower interest rate can stimulate consumption and investment. B, C and D combine contractionary fiscal and/or monetary measures and would tend to reduce aggregate demand further.第 11 題4 分
正確答案： C
A11: C is correct. X's opportunity cost of one A is B; Y's is B, so X has comparative advantage in A. The opportunity cost of one B is 2 A in X and 1 A in Y, so Y has comparative advantage in B. A is false because comparative advantage is good-specific; B confuses absolute productivity with opportunity cost; D is false because trade can benefit both despite absolute advantage in one good.第 12 題14 分
12 / (a): Marginal products are the changes in total output: second worker , third worker , and fourth worker units. Award for correct successive differences and for all three values. The marginal product falls from the second worker onward (30, 25, 17), showing diminishing marginal product; award . 12 / (b): At 75 units, three workers are employed. Variable cost is 600600+600 = 1200. Award for identifying three workers/variable cost, for total cost. Average total cost is 16 per unit; award . 12 / (c): As output expands, fixed cost is spread over more units, so average fixed cost falls. This can initially outweigh any rise in average variable cost associated with diminishing marginal product, causing average total cost to fall. Award for fixed-cost spreading and for the cost relationship/explanation. 12 / (d): A relevant private cost is the purchase, financing or maintenance cost of the machine, or the cost of labour displaced. A relevant external effect could be reduced local air pollution/noise (external benefit) or increased emissions/disposal impacts (external cost). Award for a valid private cost and for a valid external cost/benefit linked to the decision; award for recognising the external effect is not fully captured in the firm's private calculation.
第 13 題16 分
13 / (a): Equilibrium occurs where quantity demanded equals quantity supplied. From the schedule this is at price $30 and quantity 50. Award $M1A1$ for price, and $A1$ for quantity. 13 / (b): The schedules imply $Q_d=100-2P_c$ and $Q_s=2P_s-10P_c$ is the buyer price and $P_s$ is the seller's net price. A $10 tax gives . Equating quantities: , hence , so 17.50, 27.50, and . Award for a correct equation representing the tax wedge, for equating quantities, for the correct prices and for quantity. 13 / (c): Tax revenue is 650. Compared with the initial price of 2.50 less per unit in this schedule, while sellers receive $12.50 less; however, these figures would suggest consumers benefit, contradicting the tax wedge at the calculated equilibrium. Check the schedule algebra: at $P=10$, Qd 90 and Qs 10; therefore $Q_d=110-2PQ_s=2P-10110-2(P_s+10)=2P_s-1080=4P_sP_s=20P_c=30Q=50. This is the correct post-tax result. Consumer burden is 0 per unit and seller burden is 10 per unit relative to the initial 10\times50=500M1$ for revenue and $A1A1$ for seller burden and $A1$ for explanation: over the relevant range the supplied schedule has a relatively less elastic supply response than demand at the initial equilibrium, so sellers bear the larger share; at these linear schedules, the tax shifts the net-of-tax supply relationship and equilibrium must be computed using the equations. (For consistent linear schedules, the post-tax price is buyer $3020$, quantity 50.) 13 / (d): The tax reduces mutually beneficial trades from the initial 50 units to 50 units? The initial equilibrium is 50 units, and after-tax equilibrium is also 50 units under the schedules as tabulated, which signals the linear equations do not produce the expected change if computed: at initial price 30, Qd=50, Qs=50. Post-tax buyer price 30 and seller price 20 gives Qd=50 and Qs=30, not equal. Correct the equilibrium equation: $110-2(P_s+10)=2P_s-1090-2P_s=2P_s-10100=4P_sP_s=25P_c=3510\times40=4005, seller burden is $5. Correct results for
(b) and (c): $P_c=35P_s=25Q=404005$ each. Award up to $A1$ for identifying the tax reduces quantity and creates deadweight loss through trades no longer made; $A1A1$ for an equity consideration, such as burden relative to ability to pay or distributional impact; $A1$ for a balanced judgement that equity depends on who buys/sells and how revenue is used. Note for (b): a fully correct derivation is $Q_d=110-2P_cQ_s=2P_s-10P_c=P_s+10110-2P_s-20=2P_s-10P_s=25P_c=35Q=40$. The schedules are internally consistent. In (c), consumer and seller price changes are each $5$ per unit; burden is shared equally. Mark allocations for
(b) and
(c) follow the corrected values above.
第 14 題14 分
14 / (a): Approximate real GDP growth is nominal growth less deflator inflation: . Award for using the adjustment and for 4%. The increase in unemployment from 4.0% to 5.5% suggests labour-market weakness and may indicate cyclical slack, though the figures alone cannot identify its cause. Award for interpreting the rise and for an appropriate qualification. 14 / (b): Higher government purchases directly increase aggregate expenditure. The resulting income and employment raise consumption through the marginal propensity to consume, creating successive rounds of induced expenditure (multiplier process). With spare capacity, firms can increase real output and hire workers rather than only raising prices. Award for direct aggregate-demand effect, for induced multiplier, for output/employment link, and for spare-capacity qualification. 14 / (c): As aggregate demand rises, firms may face capacity constraints or higher factor costs; when spare capacity diminishes, further demand is more likely to raise the price level. Award for a valid mechanism and for explaining its link to demand/capacity; for distinguishing short-run real output from price effects. 14 / (d): The rising unemployment rate and positive but moderate real growth may support demand stimulus if unemployment is cyclical and resources are idle. However, the table gives no evidence about the output gap, the source of unemployment, fiscal space, policy lags, import leakage, or the distributional impact. The current-account surplus has narrowed, so stimulus could increase imports and worsen the external balance. A justified judgement should weigh the likely output/employment benefit against inflation and external-balance risks and note that complementary or targeted policies may be preferable. Award for a supported argument for stimulus, for a relevant limitation/risk, and for a balanced conclusion tied to evidence.
第 15 題16 分
15 / (a): Appreciation means a Hong Kong dollar buys more foreign currency. Foreign-produced goods and imported inputs therefore tend to cost fewer Hong Kong dollars, other things equal. Hong Kong exports become more expensive to foreign buyers in their currencies, or less price-competitive, tending to reduce export demand. Award for the import-price effect, for the export competitiveness effect, and for linking the latter to export demand/output, with for an appropriate ceteris paribus qualification (including incomplete pass-through or non-price factors). 15 / (b): Higher demand for loans can induce banks to expand lending and create deposits, increasing borrowers' expenditure on consumption and investment and hence aggregate demand. The effect is constrained by banks' capital/liquidity and risk assessments, creditworthy borrowers, funding conditions, or monetary/exchange-rate arrangements. Award for lending/deposit creation, for expenditure and aggregate-demand link, for a valid constraint, and for explaining why the constraint limits the expansion. 15 / (c): Appreciation lowers imported consumer and input prices and may reduce net exports, both exerting downward pressure on aggregate demand or inflation; cheaper inputs can also lower firms' costs and support output. Credit expansion raises consumption/investment and aggregate demand, supporting real output when capacity is underused but potentially raising prices as capacity tightens. The joint price-level effect is therefore ambiguous and depends on the relative strength and timing of import-cost reduction and demand expansion. Award for appreciation/import-price channel, for net-export channel, for credit-demand channel, and for reasoned conditional conclusion about output/prices. 15 / (d): One defensible response is targeted support for export productivity or market diversification, which addresses export weakness without broadly stimulating household borrowing; alternatively, prudential measures that limit risky household credit growth can address debt while avoiding a broad contraction. A valid answer must name and explain one policy and identify a trade-off, such as time lags and fiscal cost for export support, or reduced access to credit and weaker consumption/housing activity from tighter prudential rules. Award for a relevant policy, for a mechanism linked to the stated concerns, for a relevant limitation/trade-off, and for a supported judgement about appropriateness.
第 16 題16 分
The candidate answers ONE alternative. The assessed contribution is 16 marks, not 32. 16 / Alternative 1 / (a): Total revenue is , so . Award for total revenue and for MR. Set : , hence . Award . Price is ; profit is 1250. Award for price and profit (allow one mark for each correct result, with maximum 4). 16 / Alternative 1 / (b): Under competition, , so , giving . Award for condition and for competitive output and price. Monopoly restricts output and raises price relative to competition, reducing consumer surplus; trades for which willingness to pay exceeds marginal cost are forgone, creating deadweight loss and allocative inefficiency. Award for consumer-surplus comparison and for allocative-efficiency explanation. 16 / Alternative 1 / (c): A two-part tariff can charge an access fee to capture some consumer surplus while setting a per-use price that encourages consumption; alternatively, price discrimination charges different prices across identifiable customer groups according to willingness to pay, allowing more surplus to be captured and potentially increasing output. Conditions include the ability to identify/separate consumers or prevent resale, and market power. Award for a valid method, for profit/surplus mechanism, for a valid condition and for explaining its relevance. 16 / Alternative 1 / (d): Tying may leverage dominance in the marketplace into payments, foreclose rival payment providers, raise entry barriers and reduce consumer choice or innovation; this supports intervention where exclusionary effects are demonstrated. Conversely, integration may lower transaction costs, improve security or convenience and intensify competition against other platforms. A sound assessment distinguishes exclusionary tying from efficiency-enhancing integration and considers market power, consumer harm, evidence, and whether a less restrictive remedy (such as interoperability or non-discriminatory access) can address the harm. Award for a competition concern, for a plausible efficiency defence, for an evidence/market-power criterion, and for a supported policy conclusion. 16 / Alternative 2 / (a): Comparative advantage exists where the opportunity cost of production is lower than that of trading partners. Specialisation and exchange can increase combined output and allow consumption beyond the economy's own production possibilities, provided terms of trade are mutually acceptable. Award for opportunity-cost definition, for specialisation, for potential gains/consumption, and for a relevant qualification. 16 / Alternative 2 / (b): Commodity concentration exposes export earnings, employment and government revenue to volatile world prices, making growth unstable. Benefits may also fail to spread if infrastructure bottlenecks, skill shortages, weak institutions or limited access to finance prevent firms and workers from entering higher-value activities; trade gains may accrue unevenly or import competition may displace vulnerable workers. Award for each of two distinct, explained reasons (maximum each for naming and each for the mechanism). 16 / Alternative 2 / (c): Infrastructure lowers transport and transaction costs, improves market access and reliability, and can raise private investment and export competitiveness. Training increases human capital, labour productivity and capacity to adopt technology or move into higher-value production. Higher productivity can raise potential output and support sustained long-run growth, although returns depend on effective implementation and complementary institutions. Award for infrastructure mechanism, for training mechanism, for linking productivity to long-run growth, and for a relevant condition or limitation. 16 / Alternative 2 / (d): Diversification can reduce exposure to commodity-price shocks, encourage learning and value-added production, and broaden employment and export earnings. It has costs: scarce public resources may be misallocated, protection can shelter inefficient firms, and diversification takes time and may sacrifice short-run comparative-advantage gains. A well-supported conclusion is to join if the agreement improves market access, while using transparent, time-limited support for infrastructure, skills and viable diversification rather than indiscriminate protection. Award for benefits, for costs, for policy conditions/design, and for a balanced, supported conclusion.